Critical Perspective on Contemporary Music Essay

Critical Perspective on Contemporary Music - Essay Example The purpose of this assignment is to critically assess the narrative of contemporary music. The critical assessment will be undertaken by using Bohemian Rhapsody by the rock band Queen as a basis of critique the narrative of contemporary music. Furthermore, different generalities of the course will also be included in the paper to create a background to assessment. Overview of the Course: The overall objective of the course is to understand the sociological, aesthetical and musical context to different genre of music such as jazz, hip hop, alternative rock etc. The outcome that have been predicted and to be achieved by the course is to develop effective critical perspective regarding history of music being produced in the contemporary era. The course allows critical evaluation of the factors that have had a great impact on the contemporary music. These factors include gender, race, class, aesthetics, technology etc (DeVeaux, 1991). Course Design: The course MUS 209 is a systematic le arning protocol regarding contemporary music and its origin. The progress of theoretical framework that backs up the trends in contemporary music is rooted in the history in a profound manner. It is due to this fact that the course involves assignments which allow brainstorming and critical approach towards learning about factors affecting musical trends (DeVeaux, 1991). Context: Likewise any other genre of music such as jazz and hip hop, rock genre has a splendid journey in terms of sound composition, stylistics, aesthetics etc. Rock history dates back to 1950s when the refinement of rock and roll was underway. Rock music was merely taken as a way to show aggression and solitude with high notes and intense lyrics. This majorly affected the way people followed musical trends. Rock stars were fan-followed in terms of fashion. A number of rock bands and artists have evolved over the time and ruled the music charts. Among different rock bands and music, Queen Band has gained significan ce in history of rock music with their single Bohemian Rhapsody. The song became widely famous because of its unusual manner of no chorus whereas songs of that era had chorused compositions. The song included three segments which have been composed as the guitar solo, ballad and operative hard rock section. The single was considered as the most expensive single as special consideration was given to the production of song. The rock Band became a success in different musical chart ratings as they introduced variation in the trend of rock music (DeVeaux, 1991). The sociological context of the song is that it reflects experiences of people who have been through times of need that they had to commit crime. The song was one of the influential songs of its time that a great deal of literature regarding crime and mental health made use of the lyrical message of the song. It was because the lyrics of song projecting a young man who murdered man out of circumstances and not for rivalry. The m urderer or the narrator of the song has been illustrated as a person who is apologizing to all for his act and assures that he did not want kill humanity. He has affirmed that he has killed and now his soul will is ready to be surrendered. The song Bohemian Rhapsody was written by Freddie Mercury which ultimately conventional manner of songwriting. The performance of the song was never observed live because there were number vocal parts of the songs that were composed

An Evaluation of the Economy of the United Kingdom Based On the Dissertation

An Evaluation of the Economy of the United Kingdom Based On the Consequences ofthe Credit Crunch - Dissertation Example In the summer of 2011, the financial crisis that shook the global economy knocked the doors by jolting the economy of the United States and other European Nations (Oxlade (2011). The global markets were miffed by the possibility of another financial setback and probably another recession to deal with (Franklin, Douglas, 2007). The research highlights the current credit crunch scenario prevailing in the United Kingdom through a thorough analysis of past and present literature along with understanding and analysing the key reasons behind the rise of recession in different parts of the world (Lowery (2011). The information collected from different sources and resources helped in developing aims and objectives of the research along with understanding the present financial crisis rising from the ashes of the past crisis that once thwarted the financial progress and stablisation in different parts of the world. The research methodology helped in analysing the primary and secondary data in an analytical manner through logical research methods, approaches and ideologies. Findings of the research were compared with the analysis of literature in order to identify a common trend or relationship in a logical manner. Primary reasons behind the credit crunch have been highlighted well to support the proposed aims and objectives of the research. The research also discusses ethical issues and logical considerations that helped in presenting the research in an ethical and honest manner. The conclusion part is based on the overall analysis of the data and information collected from different sources along with relating with the literature in a significant manner TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1.Introduction 1.1 Background of the Topic 6 1.2 Research Aim 7 1.3... The paper tells that the financial crisis of the 2007 strongly affected the economics of the global world in a negative manner. The financial crisis of the 2007; often considered as one of the worst credit crunches after the Great Depression of the 1930s changed the financial structure and image of the global economy. It resulted in the collapse of few of the financial institutions across the globe with the likes of Lehman Brothers and Northern Rock falling prey to the financial turmoil. The bailout of banks by the governments across the globe did not revamp the financial health of the financial institutions and the whole world suffered with the loss of money, investments and jobs. The financial crisis was triggered by the liquidity crunch faced by the banks of the United States because of the housing bubble that raised issues and questions over the sub-prime crisis. Investors across the world were skeptical in terms of investing their money and banks were facing credit crunch that b locked the equilibrium between the inflow and outflow of funds driven by the demand and supply of funds. A number of measures including governments’ initiatives to bail out financial institutions and improvement in the liquidity position of banks played an important role in stablising the credit crunch but the impact and influence was too hard that up to some extent changed the financial position of the global economy.

The United States Beer Industry Essay Example for Free

The United States Beer Industry Essay 1.The U.S. brewing industry has become more concentrated over the last two decades for several reasons. a.The consumption of beer has been slowly declining, in order for companies to gain market share, they have to take customers from other companies. This would then lead to some companies to go out of business due to the lack of customers. b.Brand loyalty also increased. Advertisement played a large role. Larger companies were able to spent $0.40 per case of beer sold. Smaller mass-market brewers could not afford to spend near that amount. c.Technological change in canning and distribution lead to the concentration of the brewing industry, as well. The size that a mass-market brewer has to accomplish to acquire all economies of scale has grown. They must produce more beer and achieve more market shares. Not all companies reach minimum efficient scales of production. 2. The competitive structure of the brewing industry using Porter’s five forces model. a.Risk of entry by potential competitors. New micro brewing companies have low barriers of entry. New micro brewing companies do not rely heavily on brand loyalty or economies of scale. Mass market brewers our faced with higher barriers to entry because of brand loyalty of customers and absolute cost advantages. b.Intensity of rivalry of previously established companies new customers are always entering the market as they become legal age and the willingness to consume beer, so mass market brewers try to appeal to them to get their business, minimizing the competition to take other companies competitors. Demand has also been growing, making them less competitive. c. Bargaining power of buyers (buyers may be the individual customers who consume it product) this is low for mass market brewers because there is a large number of buyers available for High microbrewers. d.Bargaining power of suppliers (the organizations that provide input into the industry, such as materials, services and labor) the brewing industry has medium to low bargaining power of suppliers. e.Threat of substitutes is a threat because there are other alcoholic beverages that can be a direct substitute for beer, such as spirits and wine. 3.Small mass market companies in the brewing industry are looking for high barriers of entry, strong bargaining power from suppliers and strong bargaining power from buyers. To reach economies of scale, they would need a lot of money in production volume, causing a high barrier of entry. Suppliers can charge the new companies higher prices because they are also selling to other mass market companies and do not need or depend on the new companies for orders. Buyers are strong and can drive down prices because they do not need to sell the new firms product. There are other mass market beers that already have strong brand loyalty that their customers are purchasing. 4.There are two different strategic groups in the brewing industry: mass market brewers (Anheuser-Busch, SAB-Miller, and Molson Coors) and premium micro brewers. The rivalry is different in both groups. Mass market brewers are more competitive, and focus on getting as much of the market as possible by brewing a beer liked by many. Microbrewers products are focus towards smaller customer by who like distinctive tasting beers.

Trading Strategies Essay Example for Free

Trading Strategies Essay Gone are the days when purely the corporation’s fundamentals are being studied before someone invests in the stock market. The traditional way of studying corporations is to look at their earnings, assets, liabilities, etc. A fundamentally sound company is an ideal company to invest in. Today, the fundamentals of any company are still considered; in fact, most investors (especially the medium- to long-term traders) consider the fundamentals of a company as a prerequisite to any investment that they are going to execute. The fundamentals of a company tell an investor if his or her investment will be safe in the long run even if there would be minor bumps in the stock market (volatility of prices, for example). Investing in a company with sound fundamentals ensures the investor that any minor price fluctuations can be ignored as long as a long-term horizon is the perspective of the investor. Thus, even if the price of a certain stock drops, an investor would not easily pullout his or her investments because he or she believes in the company. In essence, he is an investor more than being a trader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But it is indeed correct that fundamentalists need market technicians. Technical analysis is about charts, trends, and market behavior or psychology. It is in this study that an ideal time to enter into an investment (or to sellout your shares) can be established scientifically. A classic example of how technical analysts may help an investor is by considering the case of the recent US subprime woes. Even fundamentally sound companies in the stock market are affected by this market decline. A fundamentalist, hence, the long-term investor, has a little concern on this because he know that the company he is investing on is safe and will rebound in the long run. However, a technical analysis of prices during this period would dictate that an investor should have sold his or her shares and buy back as soon as the market goes on the uptrend mode.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I agree that both fundamentalists and market technicians need each other for them to maximize their earning opportunities.

Automatic Metadata Harvesting From Digital Content

Automatic Metadata Harvesting From Digital Content MR. RUSHABH D. DOSHI,  MR. GIRISH H MULCHANDANI Abstract: Metadata Extraction is one of the predominant research fields in information retrieval. Metadata is used to references information resources. Most metadata extraction systems are still human intensive since they require expert decision to recognize relevant metadata but this is time consuming. However automatic metadata extraction techniques are developed but mostly works with structured format. We proposed a new approach to harvesting metadata from document using NLP. As NLP stands for Natural Language Processing work on natural language that human used in day today life. Keywords:  Metadata, Extraction, NLP, Grammars I. Introduction Metadata is data that describes another data Metadata describes an information resource, or helps provide access to an information resource. A collection of such metadata elements may describe one or many information resources. For example, a library catalogue record is a collection of metadata elements, linked to the book or other item in the library collection through the call number. Information stored in the META field of an HTML Web page is metadata, associated with the information resource by being embedded within it. The key purpose of metadata is to facilitate and improve the retrieval of information. At library, college, Metadata can be used to achieve this by identifying the different characteristics of the information resource: the author, subject, title, publisher and so on. Various metadata harvesting techniques is developed to extract the data from digital libraries. NLP is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages. As such, NLP is related to the area of human computer interaction. Recent research has increasingly focused on unsupervised andsemi-supervisedlearning algorithms. Such algorithms are able to learn from data that has not beenhand-annotatedwith the desired answers, or using a combination of annotated andnon-annotateddata. The goal of NLP evaluation is to measure one or more qualities of an algorithm or a system, in order to determine whether (or to what extent) the system answers the goals of its designers, or meets the needs of its users. II. Method In this paper we proposed automatic metadata harvesting algorithm using natural language (i.e. humans used in day today works). Our technique is rule based. So it does not require any training dataset for it. We harvest metadata based on English Grammar Terms. We identify the possible set of metadata then calculate their frequency then applying weight term based on their position or format that apply to it. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The next section review some related work regarding to metadata harvesting from digital content. Section gives the detailed description of proposed idea presented here. At last paper is concluded with summary. III. Related Work Existing Metadata harvesting techniques are either machine learning method or ruled based methods. . In machine learning method set of predefined template that contains dataset are given to machine to train machine. Then machine is used to harvest metadata from document based on that dataset. While in rule based method most of techniques set ruled that are used to harvest metadata from documents. In machine learning approach extracted keywords are given to the machine from training documents to learn specific models then that model are applied to new documents to extract keyword from them.Many techniques used machine learning approach such as automatic document metadata extraction using support vector machine . In rule based techniques some predefined rules are given to machine based on that machine harvest metadata from documents. Positions of word in document, specific keyword are used as category of document and etc. are examples rules that are set in various metadata harvest techniques. In some case Metadata classification is based on document types (e.g. purchase order, sales report etc.) and data context (e.g. customer name, order date etc.) [1]. Other statistical methods include word frequency [2], TF*IDF [3], wordco-occurrences[4]. Later on some techniques are used to harvest key phrase based on TF*PDF [5]. Other techniques use TDT (Topic Detection and Tracking) with aging theory to harvest metadata from news website [6]. Some techniques used DDC/RDF editor to define and harvest metadata from document and validate by thirds parties [7]. Several models are developed to harvest metadata from corpus. Now days most of techniques used models that all are depends on corpus. IV. Proposed Theory Our approach focused on harvesting a metadata from document based on English grammar. English grammar has many categories which categorized the word in statement. Grammar categories such as NOUN,VERB, ADJECTIVES, ADVERB, NOUN PHRASE, VERB PHRASE etc. each and every grammar category has a priority in statement. So our approaches to extract out the Metadata extraction based on its priority in grammar. Priority in grammar component is as follows: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, noun phrase V. Proposed Idea Figure-1  Proposed System Architecture Infigure-1we give proposed system architecture. In this architecture we does not stick steps in any order. ArticlePre-processing: articlepre-processingwhich remove irrelevant contents (i.e. tags,header-footerdetails etc.) from documents. POS Taggers: APart-Of-SpeechTagger (POS Tagger) is a piece of software that reads text in some languages and assigns parts of speech to each word (and other token), such as noun, verb, adjective, etc. Stemming: In most cases, morphological variants of words have similar semantic interpretations can be considered as equivalent for the purpose of IR applications. For this reason, a number ofso-calledstemming Algorithms, or stemmers, have been developed, which attempt to reduce a word to its stem or root form. Calculate frequency: Here each termed frequency is calculated i.e. how many occurrence of each term in document. Identify Suitable Metadata: Now metadata is extracted from word set based on their frequency, grammar and their positions. VI. Experiments Results In this study we take a corpus with 100 documents. Documents contain the news article about various categories. Here we first extract the metadata manually from each every documents. Then apply our idea to corpus. We measure our result from following parameter. Precision = No of terms identified correctly by the system / Top N terms out of total terms generated by the system. Recall = Number of keyterms identified correctly by the system / Number of keyterms identified by the authors.F-measure=F=2* ((precision* recall)/ ( precision+ recall)) Table1: Evaluation Results VII. Conclusion Future Works This method based on grammar component Our Aim to use this algorithm to identifying metadata in  bigram, trigram tetra gram. This metadata helps us to generate summary of documents. References: [1] Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar, Raghavan, Hinrich Schtze An Introduction to Information Retrieval book. [2] H. P. Luhn. A Statistical Approach to Mechanized Encoding and Searching of Literary Information. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1957, 1(4):309-317. [3] G. Salton, C. S. Yang, C. T. Yu. A Theory of Term Importance in Automatic Text Analysis, Journal of the C.Zhang et al American society for Information Science, 1975, 26(1):33-44. [4] Y. Matsuo, M. Ishizuka. Keyword Extraction from a Single Document Using WordCo-ocuurrenceStatistical Information. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 2004, 13(1):157-169. [5] Yan Gao Jin Liu, Peixun Ma The HOT keyphrase Extraction based on TF*PDF, IEEE conference, 2011. [6] Canhui Wang, Min Zhang, Liyun Ru, Shaoping Ma An Automatic Online News Topic Keyphrase Extraction System,IEEE conference, 2006. [7] Nor Adnan Yahaya, Rosiza Buang Automated Metadata Extraction from web sources, IEEE conference, 2006. [8] Somchai Chatvienchai Automatic metadata extraction classi_cation of spreadsheet Documents based on layout similarities, IEEE conference, 2005. [9] Dr. Jyoti Pareek, Sonal Jain KeyPhrase Extraction tool (KET) for semantic metadata annotation of Learning Materials, IEEE conference, 2009. [10] Wan Malini Wan Isa, Jamaliah Abdul Hamid, Hamidah Ibrahim, Rusli Abdullah, Mohd. Hasan Selamat, Muhamad Tau_k Abdullah and Nurul Amelina Nasharuddin Metadata Extraction with Cue Model. [11] Zhixin Guo, Hai Jin ARule-basedFramework of Metadata Extraction from Scienti_c Papers, IEEE conference. [12] Ernesto Giralt Hernndez, Joan Marc Piulachs Application of the Dublin Core format for automatic metadata generation and extraction,DC-2005:Proc. International Conference. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications. [13] Canhui Wang, Min Zhang, Liyun Ru, Shaoping Ma An Automatic Online News Topic Keyphrase Extraction System, IEEE conference. [14] Srinivas Vadrevu, Saravanakumar Nagarajan, Fatih Gelgi, Hasan Davulcu Automated Metadata and Instance Extraction from News Web Sites,IEEE conference.

Bradykinesia :: Disease Medical Health Essays

Bradykinesia Perception is an intangible part of every being. It cannot be explained, defined, or nailed down the way that most scientists would like. In some ways, perception can be taught-a person's circumstance and background would cause him or her to perceive a situation in a particular way. In other ways, perception is unpredictable and ever changing. Even here, attempting to describe the indescribable, there are flaws in the last two sentences because they are based on the writer's perceptions of perception. It is too subjective for a "scientific" definition. What does it mean for a person suffering from bradykinesia? If the individual understands the condition, she will realize that the perceptions she has are not always correct. She may perceive herself to be making a fist, or spreading her fingers, but in fact she may not have accomplished this. (1) A blind and deaf person may have perceptions about the world around her. Most likely, her only correct perceptions are those perception s about herself such as: "I am moving my arm," or "I am swinging my legs." The external stimuli are ineffective in this person, whereas a person with bradykinesia can only react completely and at a normal speed to external stimuli. Because of damage to signal pathways, the internal stimuli are ineffectively activated. (1) Bradykinesia is a Greek term that means "slow movement", and it is one of the constituents of Parkinson's disease (2), although it is also associated with other diseases. For patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, it is usually the most tiring and frustrating of the associated conditions. Small muscle movement is one of the first affected areas of the body. Therefore, a common test is to ask the patient to tap her finger. Normal individuals tap their fingers at 4 or 5 Hz, someone afflicted with bradykinesia can usually manage only up to 1 Hz.(3) There is no cure for bradykinesia. Certain surgeries may help decrease the condition. Hope remains for the future while researchers continue to explore different possibilities, examining causes and treatments that will lead to a cure and to more clues about Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other conditions with which bradykinesia is associated. (4) Not only does bradykinesia affect the speed of movement, the person's ability to complete a motion suffers. While walking, the arms no longer swing, but remain lax at the person's sides. (2) If a person suffering from bradykinesia is asked to make a fist without looking, he or she can tell that their movements are slow. Bradykinesia :: Disease Medical Health Essays Bradykinesia Perception is an intangible part of every being. It cannot be explained, defined, or nailed down the way that most scientists would like. In some ways, perception can be taught-a person's circumstance and background would cause him or her to perceive a situation in a particular way. In other ways, perception is unpredictable and ever changing. Even here, attempting to describe the indescribable, there are flaws in the last two sentences because they are based on the writer's perceptions of perception. It is too subjective for a "scientific" definition. What does it mean for a person suffering from bradykinesia? If the individual understands the condition, she will realize that the perceptions she has are not always correct. She may perceive herself to be making a fist, or spreading her fingers, but in fact she may not have accomplished this. (1) A blind and deaf person may have perceptions about the world around her. Most likely, her only correct perceptions are those perception s about herself such as: "I am moving my arm," or "I am swinging my legs." The external stimuli are ineffective in this person, whereas a person with bradykinesia can only react completely and at a normal speed to external stimuli. Because of damage to signal pathways, the internal stimuli are ineffectively activated. (1) Bradykinesia is a Greek term that means "slow movement", and it is one of the constituents of Parkinson's disease (2), although it is also associated with other diseases. For patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, it is usually the most tiring and frustrating of the associated conditions. Small muscle movement is one of the first affected areas of the body. Therefore, a common test is to ask the patient to tap her finger. Normal individuals tap their fingers at 4 or 5 Hz, someone afflicted with bradykinesia can usually manage only up to 1 Hz.(3) There is no cure for bradykinesia. Certain surgeries may help decrease the condition. Hope remains for the future while researchers continue to explore different possibilities, examining causes and treatments that will lead to a cure and to more clues about Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and other conditions with which bradykinesia is associated. (4) Not only does bradykinesia affect the speed of movement, the person's ability to complete a motion suffers. While walking, the arms no longer swing, but remain lax at the person's sides. (2) If a person suffering from bradykinesia is asked to make a fist without looking, he or she can tell that their movements are slow.

Alaska Drillings :: essays papers

Alaska Drillings Drilling for oil in Alaska’s Arctic Wildlife refuge will not solve our nation’s energy crisis, but it will destroy one of the worlds most unique animal habitats. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would satisfy only six months' worth of the nation's oil needs while oil drilling would "destroy" a wilderness that is home to the 150,000 animals of the Porcupine animal group. Our nations natural refuges should not be turned to destruction when a solution to a problem can be found else where. In addition to not being economically productive, drilling for oil will do nothing to help energy shortages experienced throughout the United States, while still destroying one of the only habitats of its kind in the world. Despite common thought, the Alaskan refuge is not a snow covered desert. It is important to what exactly would be destroyed if the United States decides to drill for oil. The Arctic Refuge is among the most complete and undisturbed ecosystems on earth. The Arctic Refuge contains an impressive variety of arctic wildlife. The rich variety of wildlife found within the Refuge includes more than 160 bird species, 36 kinds of land mammals, 9 marine mammal species, and 36 types of fish. The reality is that opening the Arctic refuge to drilling will accomplish little except destroying one of the last pure preserves of its kind in the world. Another reason why it would be unwise to drill is because it is just not cost efficient. For the oil industry to invest, the Refuge must hold a lot of oil, and the oil must sell for a high enough price for long enough to recover costs and earn profits. We need to think of a solution that will affect us today and will alleviate our problems. In exchange for this short-term return, we would have to pay a very high long-term price, threatening one of the planet's most unique animal and plant habitats. Scientific analyses by the US Fish & Wildlife Service have concluded that drilling would severely harm the refuge's abundant populations of caribou, polar bears, musk oxen, and snow geese. Alaska Drillings :: essays papers Alaska Drillings Drilling for oil in Alaska’s Arctic Wildlife refuge will not solve our nation’s energy crisis, but it will destroy one of the worlds most unique animal habitats. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge would satisfy only six months' worth of the nation's oil needs while oil drilling would "destroy" a wilderness that is home to the 150,000 animals of the Porcupine animal group. Our nations natural refuges should not be turned to destruction when a solution to a problem can be found else where. In addition to not being economically productive, drilling for oil will do nothing to help energy shortages experienced throughout the United States, while still destroying one of the only habitats of its kind in the world. Despite common thought, the Alaskan refuge is not a snow covered desert. It is important to what exactly would be destroyed if the United States decides to drill for oil. The Arctic Refuge is among the most complete and undisturbed ecosystems on earth. The Arctic Refuge contains an impressive variety of arctic wildlife. The rich variety of wildlife found within the Refuge includes more than 160 bird species, 36 kinds of land mammals, 9 marine mammal species, and 36 types of fish. The reality is that opening the Arctic refuge to drilling will accomplish little except destroying one of the last pure preserves of its kind in the world. Another reason why it would be unwise to drill is because it is just not cost efficient. For the oil industry to invest, the Refuge must hold a lot of oil, and the oil must sell for a high enough price for long enough to recover costs and earn profits. We need to think of a solution that will affect us today and will alleviate our problems. In exchange for this short-term return, we would have to pay a very high long-term price, threatening one of the planet's most unique animal and plant habitats. Scientific analyses by the US Fish & Wildlife Service have concluded that drilling would severely harm the refuge's abundant populations of caribou, polar bears, musk oxen, and snow geese.