Anlysing of Tv Commercial

The Selected TV Commercial We have selected a television advertisment of bKash, a Brack bank company, for our given assignment. bKash is a service providing company newly launched in Bangladesh which mission is to provide financial services allowing people of Bangladesh to safely send and receive money via mobile devices that are convenient, affordable and reliable. The TV commercial in details: Here on the add Sokhina is the main actress who is a garments worker and uses bKash regularly to send money home to her family.She narrates how bKash has made her life so much easier, and how it is transforming the lives of everyone around her too. How the other people are being benefitted by bKash according to this advertisement are describing below. Her neighbor Milon is a driver who used to receive his salary in cash. Milon is happy because bKash is a better means to keep his money safe as he does not have a bank account. He does not need to cash out the whole amount at a time. Ronnie is t he son of the Chairman of Sokhina’s village who is a university student and lives on campus away from home.He needs to pay his tuition fee urgently and calls his father to send him the money through bKash. He also assured his father not to be worried to lose the money as only he knows the pin code to make the money cash. Soo it is secure even the cell phone is lost. Again her madam Nina buys some groceries from a nearby superstore and happily pays with bKash at the store. Nina likes paying with bKash as it is simple, convenient and she no longer needs to carry cash. According to the TV commercial at present sending or receiving money using bKash is only possible under Grameen Phone and Robi network throughout the country.WEB link: http://www. bkash. com/video/something-everyone If facing any problem please visit http://www. facebook. com/Zelius. Miraz? fref=ts TARGET MARKET ANLYSIS Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics. * Geographic * Dem ographic * Psychographic Geographic Target Market: If we consider about the geographical target market for bKash on the basis of the advertisement then it would be the whole Bangladesh where the network of GP and Robi is available as it talks about sending and receiving money from one end to another.Demographic Target Market: Age: People of ages 18 to 50. On the add we have seen that Ronnie, a university student, needs to use bKash for the payment of his tuition fees again on the other hand Sokhina sends money to her parents through bKash. So all of them are the target market of bkash. Gender: Both male and female. Income: People who earn money and do not both are the target market of bkash as it is providing one type of banking service. Occupation: Service Holder, Driver, Students, Housewife, Farmers, Businessman etc. ccording to the advertisement only. Psychographic Target Market: Social Class: Lower, middle and upper. Attitude and beliefs: Security conscious. Behavioral Target Ma rket: Benefits sought: Sokhina the garment worker describes about the benefits of bKash. User status: Potential and regular. OBJECTIVE OF THE ADVERTISEMENT The main objective of the advertisement is to attract the people of all sectors especially including garments workers, other lower earning people, students and housewives to use the financial service of bKash. CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

Criminal Justice Trends Paper Essay

In this paper I will be evaluating past, present, and future trends pertaining to the corrections system. There are many different trends that correctional facilities have used in the past and these trends have continued on to modern day and maybe will continue on into the future. As part of my evaluation I will identify and analyze past, current and future issues facing the corrections system today and also I will discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends will likely have not only on the corrections system, but also on the other components of the criminal justice system like law enforcement and the court system. Trends of Corrections In the past before there were prisons and jails the punishment of crimes were cruel and dangerous. Some of the punishments in the past included flogging, mutilation, branding, public humiliation, or exile. Today our correctional facilities focus on rehabilitating criminals so that they can be functional in society; one of the ways that is pursued is through community based corrections to save costs instead of housing an inmate. Community based corrections is used as an alternative to being locked up, this is also cost effective rather than housing them in prison or jail because they foot the bill. Community based corrections is known as parole, probation, house arrest, or electronic monitoring. Community based corrections is a privilege and there are many rules that need to be followed, and if they disobey any of the rules the get sent back to prison or jail. Currently we have a bill that passed in California called AB 109 and it was passed to release many inmates to lower the overpopulation of inmates and the end rising costs to house an inmate. â€Å"The state expects to reduce the prison inmate population by about 14,000 in 2011-2012 and approximately 40,000 upon full implementation in 2014-2015. The state estimates that these reductions will result in a state savings of about $453 million in 2011-2012 and up to $1.5 billion upon full implementation.† (Taylor, 2011). This assembly bill will just create a future problem though, when all these inmates get released out into the communities most of them will end up back in prison. According to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation the recidivism rate of inmates that were returned back into a correctional facility within three years was 63.7% and the other 36.3% were successful three years out of prison. AB 109 will not decrease the inmate population that largely in the long run according to those statistics. The bill will also increase the caseloads on probation officers, making it harder to keep a good eye on all inmates roaming in the communities, allowing them to reoffend put the problem back in the hands of law enforcement. Issues Facing the Criminal Justice System The current issues facing prisons are they are being over crowded, and they are too expensive to manage. Assembly Bill AB 109 tries to alleviate the problems of over crowding but I believe that it is a short-term solution because of the recidivism rate. Alternate correction systems would reduce costs to the state, and maybe even be more affective than jail or prison time. There are alternatives to jail and prison like we discussed earlier, but those are all state funded. In the future maybe there will be programs funded by organizations that want to help rehabilitate criminals or they make the criminal pay for their services. Some examples might be intensive supervised probation, house arrest, electronic monitoring, community residential centers, or shock incarceration. I think we need to have a self-sufficient prison that keeps inmates busy working for what they have, to cut down costs of prisons. One way to cut down costs is to actually use our death penalty, what is the severity of having a death penalty if you know you are going to sit in a cell until you die of natural causes. We are not posing enough threat to these criminals. Watching Lock Up on MSNBC, most of the inmates will never be functioning citizens, some of them admit they need to be behind a cell. Why pay so much money for someone to rot in jail, they are no use to the country and think they need to be put down, just like a viscous dog at the pound. If the vet determines the animal is too aggressive they euthanize the animal because they can never be adopted out, I think we can use the same concept in our correctional system. With an overpopulated correctional system, and the realignment bill 109 there will be many criminals back on the streets, which only adds to the problem for every other component of the criminal justice system. The police are having a bigger population of criminals back on the streets and the departments have tight budgets and do not have enough funds to hire more help to control the streets. The sheriff and police departments then will have to stretch themselves thin to try to put the recommitting offenders back in the correction system. Which then puts the criminal back into the already overcrowded court system, which creates more of a problem because now there are even more cases which will create bigger case loads and slow down the already slow system. Conclusion In this paper I discussed the past, current, and future trends in corrections. In the past the punishments were cruel, and now we are focused more on rehabilitation and California facilities are being over crowded. I also analyzed current and future issues facing the overpopulated prisons. The budget deficit is only going to get worse and these problems within the criminal justice system is only going to get bigger and bigger. Bill AB 109 was put into affect to help relieve the budget issue but as I discussed I think that it is a short-term solution because of the recidivism rates. The criminal justice system is always growing and changing to satisfy the needs of the communities they protect.

Totalitarianism

Totalitarian is stated as a political authority widely used to describe the kind of state and society engineered by Joseph Stalin. Historians on Soviet politics recognize the two theories focused on the totalitarian model. Basically, there are two totalitarian models- â€Å"an operational one that tried to describe the existing Soviet society and a developmental one that focused on the origins of totalitarianism and on the responsibility of Marxism-Leninism for Stalinist. â€Å"l According to Marxist theory, only through a modern industrialized economy could a true proletariat class be plopped, as Marx makes no mention off peasant class.Marxist theory aside, the need to Industrialized was also a pragmatic matter of self-defense that was rooted on ideology; In a sense, It called for a totalitarian authority to successfully pull off the grandiose project. 2 This paper argues that while there is much discussion about the heavy industrialization and rapid acclimatization done during St alin's reign, there is evident indications that it was during this time that Soviet Union truly became a totalitarian state. In a totalitarian authority, there is an evident indication off nominate leader and a one-party state.There Is also the presence of brutal crushing of Internal opposition. â€Å"The state not only monopolized the Instrumentalities of coercion but also dominated the means of mass communication;†3 totalitarianism allows â€Å"no challenge to the single official ideology. â€Å"4 Those who actually publicly oppose the leader are then faced with brutal suppression. The period during Stalin's reign was perhaps the most transformation period of Soviet history. He consolidated his grip on power and used this to actively transform the culture and economic leslies of the time.It was during Industrialization that the Soviet union became truly totalitarian. Industrialization was the key element of Stalin's revolution Rejecting the prior Bolshevik conviction with the bourgeois institution, he sought to embrace â€Å"socialist realism,†5 denouncing anything that was remotely of â€Å"bourgeois intellect. â€Å"6 However, these cultural changes were minor in comparison to the vast changes of his economic policies. Joseph Stalin understood the inherent problem in starting a communist revolution In Russia: the nation failed capitalism, and It would need to aka a translation from socialism to communism.He understood that the translation would require heavy Industrialization on a massive scale in order to successfully compete with Western modernization. 7 Stalin saw the need to industrialized as a pragmatic matter of self-defense. â€Å"Do you want our socialist fatherland to be beaten and to lose its independence? â€Å"8 he asked in a famous February, 1931 speech. He continued on: â€Å"If you do not want this you must Putnam end to its backwardness in the shortest possible time and develop genuine Bolshevik tempo In building up the socialist system of the economy†¦We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this difference in ten years. Either we do it, or we shall be crushed. â€Å"9 Once Stalin ascended into power, the New Economic Policy introduced by Lenin was gradually destroyed. 10 In agriculture it was replaced by collective farms, while In Industry, It paved the way to a Five-Year Plan which assigned production targets to production figures for heavy industrialization quota at the beginning of the first five year plan in 1929.As Keen pointed out, the unrealistic optimism of these goals were to reached until 1960. 11 It seemed that there was no viable structure behind the planning as â€Å"planning' was reduced to naming target figures which had little more than propaganda significance†12. Abstruse commands were of a more practical importance than carefully elaborated planning; and â€Å"the commands were based on guesses, prejudices, and whims.  "13 The propaganda, however, was extremely successful in that it accomplished its goal which was to increase production.By 1934, there was a fifty percent increase in industrial output with an average annual growth ate of eighteen percent, while the population of industrial workers doubled. 14 The success was due to the effective manipulation of the public in Stalin's grandiose project; the workers' continuous belief that accepting lower standards of living was a small amount to pay for the future modernization of Soviet Union. Cashbook, a peasant, described how his family property was arbitrarily taken and his brother murdered, only to conclude: â€Å"But then, after all, look at what we're doing.In a few years now we'll be ahead of everybody industrially. We'll all have automobiles and here won't be any differentiation between kulaks and anybody else†1 5 The poor were blinded by an unrealistic optimism off utopian society Stalin has laid out. Stalin and his followers undert ook a series of actions that drastically reinforced totalitarianism in the Soviet order. The basic elements were maintained: the single-party state, the single official ideology, the manipulation of legality and the state's economic dominance.Service pointed out that other elements were greatly altered as he â€Å"crucified politics and hyper-centralized administrative institutions. â€Å"16 In 1927, the localization began with voluntary collective farms. However, very few volunteered. In 1928, only less than 1% of arable lands were collective and by 1929, the numbers increased to 7%, which were still not sufficient. 17 As Stalin continued to intimidate those who politically opposed him, the courage of people who wanted to stand up to his wild economic policies faltered. By the spring of 1930, the proportion of collective lands increased to 60%. 8 The reason was Stalin's decision to make acclimatization a mandatory process, which was also increasingly violent and brutal. The gover nment called for the rapid and complete acclimatization, which would eventually lead to the overall colonization of the countryside. Kulaks stood to lose the most from acclimatization; the process of rapid acclimatization was made possible through a governmental assault on the peasant group. Stalin's government proclaimed that the collective farms should be formed exclusively from the poor peasant households.Like Lenin before him, Stalin saw the kulaks, vaguely defined as wealthy peasants, as â€Å"unacceptably capitalist. â€Å"19 Stalin was forceful in denunciation f the kulaks, he said: â€Å"We have gone over from a policy of limiting the exploiting tendencies of the kulak to a policy of eliminating kulaks as a class†¦ Decentralization is now an essential element in forming and developing kolkhoz. Therefore, to keep on discussing decentralization is ridiculous and not serious. When the head is cut off, you do not weep about the hair. â€Å"20 Stalin successfully divided the peasants, which made it easier for them to oppose.The attacks on the kulaks also helped make the impression that it was only the kulaks that resisted acclimatization. They were used for such an impression that they were exploiting their neighbor peasants. The lower peasants felt no empathy towards the Kulaks, who always was a little better off than them. And since kulak was so loosely defined, anyone who resisted acclimatization could be quickly labeled a kulak. The Communists were often dismayed that even after vicious propaganda campaigns, most peasants sympathized more with kulaks than with the Communist Party.So those who sympathized with the pleas of the kulaks were quickly labeled a sub-kulak. 21 Many of these poorer peasants were ultimately reclassified as kulaks themselves s they strongly resisted Stalin's oppression. Most Joined the collective farms reluctantly. Many were executed for trying to sell off or slaughter their livestock rather than donating them to the coll ective farms. Stalin's Russia was a case of a totalitarian state. Stalin was an absolute dictator who used the most conniving means of coercion. The Kulaks who opposed acclimatization were dealt with absolute brutal treatment.Many were killed, sent to Siberia, or thrown in the gulags, forced labor camps. 22 And the one thing that remained consistent was their loss of properties. Local districts were even required to fill quotas of Kulaks to identified. Keen described the violence of this time as â€Å"collaboration's most significant precedent: Mass murder for vaguely defined political and economic goals became a possibility – this was the most important legacy of acclimatization†24 The ultimate results of acclimatization were not what the regime had hoped.Grain production declined ten percent between 1928 and 1932, and in addition delivery quotas were â€Å"two to three times higher than the quantities the peasants had previously marketed†. 5 Many people starve d to death between 1932 and 1933. The grain production was minimal and the statistics were miscalculated. As there was little amount of grains brought in the cities, almost none were left for the people in the countryside. The horrors of the famine were focused in Ukraine. It was estimated that five to seven million people starved to death. 6 Meanwhile, the Cheek, also known as the Main Political Administration, efficiently detected and suppressed any dissent in the city. Stalin and the Cheek chief Yoga scoured for any political opponents. Former Immensities and Socialist-Revolutionaries were hunted out penthouse their political parties had barely existed since the 1922 show-trials. 27 In 1931, newspapers were filled with stories of professional malefactors caught, accused, and sentenced. A witch-hunt atmosphere ascended as â€Å"workers were hallowed into denouncing any superiors who obstructed the implementation of the Five-Year Plan. 28 Stalin had tried to root out any possible opposition. When Bess Laminated and Sergei Sorts, who were supporters of Stalin , had publicly expressed their disgruntlement, the Cheek immediately arrested them and later were punished for factionalism. â€Å"29 Stalin ran a tight political control as he used the Cheek as a weapon to bring terror to all opposition to his economic policies. The rapid acclimatization and industrialization under Stalin's regime had costs millions of lives.The purges which victimized the peasants, workers, the intelligentsia, and the State party itself had been â€Å"previously unequaled in the long and brutal history of Russia. â€Å"30 As Stalin launched his revolution from above, the rapid industrialization and acclimatization of agriculture races of capitalism left by the New Economic Policy was reached. While many historians still argue whether Stalin intentionally starve the people to death or it was simply a matter of miscalculated production , the consistency remains on the fact that it was through acclimatization and industrialization that Soviet Union's totalitarian rule was sealed.Stalin's central planning was immediately heavily emphasized on rapid industrialization, which ultimately led to its collapse due to the high imbalance. Although the goals set out benefited the nation, the process of localization and industrialization bought in violent coercive methods that created a period of famine and left the legacy of broken morale.During Stalin's acclimatization, the difference between public and private spheres of life was utterly destroyed as everything was state-centered. The attempts to immobile the public in Stalin's grandiose projects to gain legitimacy of the act, the tight political and economic control run by violence and threats, as well as the utter destruction of public and private affairs are all substantial evidences of Soviet Union becoming an official totalitarian state.

Journalism, mass media and communication. Worksheet Essay

Journalism, mass media and communication. Worksheet - Essay Example Firstly, he examines the structural patterns of the publishing industry, where he argues that the present circumstances affecting the industry are major challenges that only require public commissioning to solve. Current challenges affecting the industry include online and digital technologies, whereby more and more young people are embracing online technologies. He also discusses the effect of in-depth research in the industry, which can help in revitalizing the industry to be able to meet current challenges (Hind and Stern-Weiner). Article 2: The second article is about a conversation with John Scher, the Co-CEO of a concert and live event promotion company based in the New York City: the Metropolitan Entertainment. Scher examines the various changes in the concert business, as he compares the present day business environment with four decades ago. He also examines challenges in concert promotion business, and points out the impact of having big publicly traded companies do concert promotion. The problem of the lack of young big acts is also a worrying trend in concert music, considering that those that rise to fame only do so for a short period. The need for a transformation in concert music is eminent for the concert promotion business to be successful (Hind and Stern-Weiner 3). Article3: The third article is entitled: Copyright and the Commodification of culture. The author explores the copyright institution in-depth, examining it as the institution that governs producing, distributing and the consumption of information and culture. He achieves this by firstly exploring the origin of copyright in relation to the rise of capitalism together with the printing press. He also examines the growth of the culture industry and how it used copyright to develop and maintain market dominance. Another important issue discussed is on processes of legislation, litigation, encryption as well as market penetration relate to the growth and development of internet distribut ion of movies and music (Karr 2). 2. what questions would you ask the author (at least 2 questions) To the first author on the influence of power to publicity, I would ask the author what impact does he think in-depth research focused on general readership would have on the falling sales of books? The other question is with regard to his: Considering where the publishing is currently and the challenges, where do you see the industry in the next ten years? There are questions as well for the other author on the piece of music. What do you think has contributed to the lack of young big acts? Considering the challenges facing concert events and live event promotions what recommendations would you give to bring back the business to its glory? 3.Do you agree with the main premise of the reading? Why or why not?What evidence or personal experience would you offer to? Article 1: Yes, I agree with the main premise of the reading. From my personal experience with online books and articles, I believe that book publishing is under severe pressure and that innovative strategies are needed to renew the industry (Hind and Stern-Weiner 4). Article 2: With regard to the second article on music, however, I do not agree with the interviewee’s argument that the reason concert promoters are not having as many shows as they used to have in the past is because of the lack of big acts. I believe there are big acts and very promising young artists in the market. My argument is that the problem is with the promoters such as John Scher, who have been surpassed by the current times. They need to adopt to the changes in the music industry and start

Qualitative Study Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qualitative Study Evaluation - Essay Example The main issue which is discussed by the author is that proper training and preparation is essential for unfamiliar or unexpected teaching assignments. The author used his personal experience in his writing in which he discussed how teachers cope with the situations when they have to teach the subjects in which they are not skilled and qualified properly. The author also investigated how those teachers use their background knowledge and skills. This is a proof of qualitative approach which is done by the author. The author’s action research approach has focused on the effects of action research when the teacher teaches in and out of her fields. In her field means, in which she has a full knowledge while instructing and out of her fields in which her qualification is not applicable as she was given some background knowledge about an action research. There is no different review of the literature. APA style has been used for crediting or reference (Creswell, 2008). Evaluation of the Purpose and Research Questions The author specifies using action research to examine how teachers react, who are asked to instruct out of their fields and how they used their previous knowledge and experience. The main question arises in the mind is that how do that type of teachers prepare their lessons for instruction? The main reason of the research indicates that author is herself a teacher. She has done that action research project with herself and her students are the participants of that research project and the classroom is the foremost site of the research project (Creswell, 2008). Evaluation of Data Collection The author uses several steps of action research for collecting data that are planning, monitoring and reflecting etc. As author was a practicing teacher, the steps to gain assess to the site and students were not listed but would expected be the same steps which are necessary to make qualified in the required field of instructions. The author’s sampling was restricted to the students under her guidance. She did not follow special steps for data sampling; on the contrary she did common methods for data sampling with her students with her students who have their journals for data collection. The data collection does not consist of large scale it only consisted of author herself and her students. For the data collection, she has adopted certain protocols for completing her task like she has taken permission from the guardians of the students and school authorities as well. The data was collected from the four sources that are; her own reflective journal, journals recorded and set aside by the students, consultation from a previous English teacher and the tape recording of the first and last lessons of the studied class period. This is confirmation that from four ways author has collected data which is mentioned above (Dicker, 1990). Evaluation of D

Leadership Theory and Leadership Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Theory and Leadership Styles - Essay Example Leadership, as defined by Armandi, Oppedisano, and Sherman (2003), is basically about influencing and motivating a particular group towards achieving a common goal. It is centered on the kind of relationship between the leader and the members of the organization that can motivate people to work hard and strengthen the bonds existing within the organization. A good leader is inspirational and good with people. Leadership is about making the people feel motivated, devoted, and even inspired through persuasion and certainly not coercion. To get the real outcomes necessary in a highly competitive time, individuals need to desire to give their best, not just be required to do so, and this is exactly what Ford’s new CEO Alan Mulally has demonstrated since he started working for Ford Company. Despite of his limitations and the company’s difficult circumstances, Mulally has shown his desire, enthusiasm, and determination to help the company survive the recession back in 2000 an d eventually realize its potential towards success. He leads the entire team of Ford with a vision, passion, and heart that encourages and inspires his people to participate in the company’s business endeavors. Mulally, an American engineer and former aerospace guy at Boeing, has evidently changed the course of business for Ford. With his novel perspectives on leadership and management, he was able to help Ford picked up from its billions of losses specifically during the recession period. The most important feature of his leadership, which perhaps has greatly helped Ford survive, is the way he focuses on the most important and innovative idea that he thinks would best work for the company and for the people. He believes that focus is a vital component of a successful leadership because it takes a lot of thinking and rationalizing to get the right decision among the many opportunities available. When Mulally arrived at Ford in 2006, there were various uncertainties about his appointment as the organization’s new leader. The very fact that he was an outsider and knew nothing about the car industry created a lot of suspicions from the other members of the organization (Kiley, 2009). Yet, Mulally remained focus on thinking about ways to improve the organization from within to its overall performance in the market (Taylor III, 2009). As a leader, Mulally adopts the democratic or participative leadership style. A democratic or participative administrator’s style basically encourages the participation of each member of the organization in decision-making (Armandi, Oppedisano & Sherman, 2003). The leader or management team consults the entire group before it concludes any matter in the organization. In this kind of administration, it is highly essential to win the cooperation of the team or organization members because this will motivate them effectively and optimistically. Mulally changed the bureaucratic system of the company and increased part icipation from employees of different departments and levels: When I arrived there were six or seven people reporting to Bill Ford, and the IT person wasn't there, the human resources person wasn't there†¦ So I moved up and included every functional discipline on my team because everybody in this place had to be involved and had to know everything. (Taylor III, 2009, para. 26) Mulally’s participative leadership style is even more reflected through how he promotes open and effective communication

Pharmacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacy - Essay Example Another challenge that will be faced by pharmacists in the upcoming years (as it is today, too) is staying up-to-date. A pharmacist is expected to be in step with all possible new information in his/her field. This means being aware and familiar with the new medical information that is released and new meds that are developed and put on sale. As the information in our field is constantly changing, it is paramount to stay in the know. A pharmacist can overcome this challenge decently with help of keeping a close watch on medical news, reading current medical journals and participating in Continuous Education (CE) programs. In general, a pharmacist should seek out information that will broaden his/her horizons and improve overall knowledge. Regardless of the field of pharmacology we are involved in, we will need to interact with patients for sure. This is the part of work that will stay unchangeable and relevant forever. Although this challenge may be looming for some of us, working with patients is an integral part of pharmacy. The specificity of the target group pharmacists work with and considering all the characteristic aspects are very important. Thus, pharmacists should work on a patient-friendly communication style. It is important that complex medical information is delivered to patients in a way easily understood by them. Moreover, our target group typically includes people who are not in the pink, i.e. suffering from pain or illness. That should be kept in mind when working with patients in order to approach them with respect and provide qualified assistance. As pharmacists we all will face many complicated tasks and challenges during our professional career. However, right attitude, appropriate communication style and growing knowledge base, could help us to turn challenges into personally and professionally rewarding experiences. As my primary goal is to gain profound knowledge and professional qualification that would allow me to

ENGINEERING ECONOMY & GEO-RESOURCE EVALUATION AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Term Paper

ENGINEERING ECONOMY & GEO-RESOURCE EVALUATION AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS - Term Paper Example Highlight of the events in the stock vs. commodity graph 8.4. Explanation of each of the 10 key events 9. Summary 10. Conclusions 1. Abstract (summary of the report) This project is about reporting the performance of a company’s events versus its variation in stock value. It studies ten key events in Exxon Mobil, which is the company of choice. This study is done through the history of Exxon Mobil, highlighting the ten events and then narrowing down into five of the events (Coll, 2012). The events are about the important management of the Economy of the company and the behavior of the company stock in the stock market. The report will culminate into data analysis in which it will show the values of the stock found during the semester. It will have the inclusion of the discussion supporting this pattern of behavior of the stock price during the same period and in the previous year. 3. Introduction Exxon Mobil Oil Company is the largest among the major oil companies vertically i ntegrated in the New York Stock Exchange. Its stock is the second best in the global domain and hence it is the second largest revenue contributor in the region. In the year 2010, Exxon Mobil generated total revenue of 30.50 billion US Dollars, growing by 57 percent from the previous year 2009 (Okada & Adelman, 2012). Its Stock Exchange name is XOM. ExxonMobil is a collection of six global major oil-trading organizations, which does oil exploration, production, refinery and sales of gas and oil. The six companies in the group include ChevronTexaco, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, ConocoPhillips and Total. ExxonMobil has been consistent in its production of the largest revenue returns on invested capital and income. In 2009, it produced return on investment of 63% (Russell and Angel, 2011). It diversifies its revenues and continues to expand by introducing its natural gas capacity. It does this through the acquisition of shale deposits, exploration of oil sands increasing its geographical cov erage. Even though ExxonMobil has all these strengths, its performance is highly determined by the market performance and the decisions by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC controls the oil prices of all oil trading countries by keeping the base (40%) of oil crude oil stock in the whole world (Okada & Adelman, 2012). It is also affected by the environmental factors affecting the production of natural gas and oil. Its geographical coverage is also very expensive to create and maintain. The other factors include threats from alternative energy supply including bio-fuels. 3.1. History and Background of the company In 2010, ExxonMobil generated revenue of 30.5 billion US Dollars, which was an increase of 57% from the previous year 2009. The dramatic increase was because of the massive crude oil supply and the realization of natural gas. Additionally, ExxonMobil recorded a capital of 32.2 billion US Dollars including exploration costs. It distributed more than 19 billion US Dollars to its shareholders in form of dividends and buy back of shares. At the end of the year 2010, ExxonMobil had a reserve base of oil of 24.8 billion barrels. It had upstream revenue of 75.1 percent. This segment was involved in the E and P program (Exploration and Production). The total revenue from gas and oil in 2010 was 24.1 billion US Dollars (Coll, 2012). In the same year, it had a downstream earning of 11.1 percent. The downstream segment was used in the refinery and marketing of natural gas as well as oil. It earned a total of 3.6 billion US

Sweden, Barzil and vietnam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sweden, Barzil and vietnam - Research Paper Example Sweden has an outlook which leans mostly on the exports and it has a well modernized system of distribution, highly developed communications systems both externally and internally and a highly skilled workforce. It economy is based on iron ore, hydro-power and timber. The country has a highly intensified international trade outlook. Its economy is boosted by a higher standard of engineering which ensures that the country is a leading force in technological innovations in various fronts. These include telecommunications, pharmaceuticals and automotive industry. The economy is also helped by a well developed agricultural industry and this accounts for two percent of the gross domestic product and also the employment of the country. In this respect Sweden is ranked eighth richest country in the world. The country have taken the policies of non-aligned and neutrality for over a century has ensured that it has one of the most enviable economy of the world. This means that the country is o ne of the richest countries in the world being ranked the eight richest country in the world. This has been ensured by a continued political stability for a period of time and the country being endowed with an enviable resource base. The government has played a very important role in ensuring that the economy of the country has been growing from strength to strength (Torsten , 129). The leadership style o... However, the central aspect of conservatism is the leadership outright support of the status quo and the status quo ante. A conservative party in Sweden is the Moderate Party which is the leading party in a coalition government which was formed in the 2006 general elections of the country. Most of the country's policies especially in relation to leadership and economy tends to lean towards the conservative policies. This can be witnessed by the fact that many of the country's leadership have been following the conservative nature of leadership. The country also advocates for free market, privatization, tax incentives and personal freedom. The Moderate party supports the social benefits that had been introduced in the country in the 1930s (Richard, 129). The conservative policies of the country have contributed very much in the economy of the country. One of the policy is that there is freedom from internal control and this have helped very much in ensuring that the the investors can indulge in any form of business they feel is more profitable to them. The economy of the country has also been aided by the fact that there is freedom of speech and a fair way of governance. The country have also stuck to one currency and has defied the influence of the European Union currency. This has helped very much in stabilizing the economy (Einhorn, 36). Comparison of Brazil and Sweden Brazil is a highly liberal country unlike and has been opposed to conservatism since its establishment and it continued in this trend after attaining independence from Portugal. In economical terms Brazil and Sweden have almost similar policies. Both countries have emphasized the need for a free market. Both countries also command a heavy presence in the world market and hence they have

7 main approaches in psychology Essay Example for Free

7 main approaches in psychology Essay *Many psychologists may believe that each perspective has valid explanations depending on the specific situation, and this point of view is called eclectic. This term refers to the claim that no one perspective has all the answers to the variety of human thought and behavior. Psychologists tend to use various perspectives in their work depending on which point of view fits best with the explanation. Humanistic (1950s-Present) Carl Rogers-Person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow-Hierarchy of Needs and Self-Actualization Unique aspects of human experience Belief that we choose most of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs. Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth, and they are fundamentally different from animals. Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic (1900-Present) Sigmund Freud-Personality and States of Consciousness Carl Jung-the most important and lifelong task imposed upon any person is fulfillment through the process of individuation, achievement of harmony of conscious and unconscious, which makes a person one and whole Alfred Adler-IndividualPPsychology, a term which is sometimes misunderstood. It refers to the indivisibility of the personality in its psychological structure. Unconscious determinants of behavior Belief that the unconscious minda part of our mind that we do not have conscious control over or access tocontrols much of our thought and action. Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders.  Roger Sperry-showed that if the two hemispheres of the brain are separated by severing the corpus callosum (the large band of fibers that connects them), the transfer of information between the hemispheres ceases, and the coexistence in the same individual of two functionally different brains can be demonstrated. George Miller-The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information Physiological bases of behavior in humans and animals An organism’s functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that underlie behavior. How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences Evolutionary/Darwinian (Also called sociobiologists) (1980s-Present) David Buss-His primary interests include the evolutionary psychology of human mating strategies; conflict between the sexes; prestige, status, and social reputation; the emotion of jealousy; homicide; anti-homicide defenses; and stalking. Charles Darwin-the Origin of Species in 1850. Evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals. Examines human thought and behavior in terms of natural selection. Behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors behaviors that enhance reproductive success. B.F. Skinner-Operant Conditioning and invented the Skinner Box Effects of environment on the overt behavior of human and animals. Explain human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning and look strictly at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors. Belief that only observable events (stimulus response relationships) can be studied scientifically.  Noam Chomsky-Theorized the critical-period for language acquisition Herbert Simon-one of the founding fathers of modern research in artificial intelligence Ulric Neisser-focused on pattern recognition, visual search, brief information processing, and memory. Thoughts; mental process Examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events. The rules that we use to view the world are important to understanding why we think and behave the way we do. Overall, human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information.

Impact Of Current Small Networks

Impact Of Current Small Networks One of the ways to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by using their scope or scale in account. Almost every type of design as some kind of area network is referred by networking industry and that is due to history of computer networking. Common examples of area network types are:- A LAN is used to connect network devices over short distance like an office building, school, or home. Generally a single LAN is used, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LAN, and occasionally a LAN will cover a group of nearby buildings. Moreover LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. WAN Wide Area Network A WAN covers a large distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the Earth. A geographically-dispersed collection of LANs is a WAN. Routers are used to connect LANs to a WAN. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization they are under distributed ownership and management. LAN, WAN and Home Networking Home users use LAN and connect to the Internet WAN through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using a broadband modem. Once connected, all computers on the home LAN can communicate directly with each other and they are bound to go through a central gateway, typically a broadband router, to reach the ISP. Some other types of networks are also classified:- Wireless Local Area Network a LAN which is based on WiFi wireless network technology Metropolitan Area Network owned and operated by a single entity such as a government body, it is a network covering a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. Campus Area Network a network covering multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus. System Area Network it is used to link high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a grouped configuration. It is also called as Cluster Area Network. Range of some devices on the network:- Laptop: When using a laptop with public hotspots, a strong Wi-Fi signal is must for successful Internet access and good connection speed. A wireless laptop with limited range will most probably suffer from slow Internet connections. Smart phones, PDAs, etc.: It is perfect to free the most portable of all devices to be freed from wires. For that we need a fast Internet connection (DSL, cable model or wired Ethernet) with a Wi-Fi access point start.   Other than this we use some devices such as Digital Media Server (DMS), Digital Media Controller (DMC), Digital Media Printer (DMPr) etc, for devices on network. Task 2- briefly describe each device participation/role in the network. Example; Router to connect to the Internet, etc. Computer network devices also called communication devices and they have a data communication network. We have routers, switches, hubs, LAN cards, gateway, modems, hardware firewall, CSU/DSU, ISDN terminals and transceivers under this head. These devices are must need for data communication in an Ethernet or WAN network. Understanding of these devices is necessary for an IT professional or a network administrator. After selection of best devices one must ensure that they are compatible with each other. The top vendors are Cisco, D-Link, LinkSys, Baynet, RealTek, 3Com, NetGear, Intel, Nortel, and Lucent etc. These vendors help you get devices. We can reduce the operational cost and enhance the overall performance dramatically by a well designed IT infrastructure with the proper placement of the routers, servers, gateway and switches. Routers:- It is a communication device which is used to connect two logically and physically different networks, two LANs, two WANs and a LAN with WAN. Router is mainly used to sort and the distribute data packets to their destinations according to their IP addresses. Router is a main device for the connectivity between the enterprise businesses, ISPs and in the internet infrastructure. Cisco routers are widely used in the world. Every router has IOS which is routing software. Router does not broadcast the data packets. Switches:- Alike the router, a switch is an intelligent device which is used to map the IP address with the MAC address of the LAN card. It sends the data packets only to the destined computer. Switches are used in the LAN, MAN and WAN. There are three methods to transmit the data in a network via switches i.e. store and forward, cut through and fragment free. Hubs Hub is a central connecting device in a computer network. There are two types of a hub i.e. active hub and passive hub. Every computer is directly connected with the hub. Data packets are broadcasted to all the LAN cards in a network and the destined recipient picks them and all other computers discard the data packets. Hub has five, eight, sixteen and more ports and one port is known as uplink port, which is used to connect with the next hub. Modems It is a communication device that is used to provide the connectivity with the internet. Its working is in two ways: modulation and demodulation. Either it coverts the digital data into the analog or analog to digital LAN Cards LAN cards are the building blocks of a computer network. They are also called as network adapters. A properly installed and configured LAN card is need for computers to communicate. A unique IP address every is there with every LAN card. Different LAN cards support different speeds. Multiplexer It is used to combine the several electrical signals into one signal. Task 3 briefly describe and evaluate the impact of SOHO networks, such as; †¢ limited connections †¢ number of devices on the network †¢ usage social networking, video-streaming, entertainment, gaming, home working, etc. †¢ security Firewalls, sharing folders, VPN, wireless encryption, etc. †¢ Bandwidth constraints †¢ User expectations †¢ Sharing of resources †¢ Use of technology †¢ Communications Bluetooth, 3G, Broadband, etc. The small office home office has gone through a great transformation in recent years as technology has advanced to another level. Small office/home office (SOHO) network is growing in popularity among network types. It is a modern concept for the category of business, which involves from 1 to 10 workers.. To a great extent companies which market products targeting the great numbers of small businesses that have a small or medium sized office use SOHO. Basically it includes less than 10 PCs and may not include servers at all. Network resources such as DNS server resolution and e-mail servers are generally located offsite, either hosted by an ISP or at a corporate office. Cable, DSL, or perhaps ISDN are used to provide internet access for the SOHO network. An inexpensive router is used for the boundary between the LAN and the WAN connections. This router may also serve double duty as a firewall to shield the SOHO network from malicious activity. To provide interconnections between clie nt PCs and the router, and many routers include an integral hub or switch. It has simplicity that is why Ethernet is generally the LAN standard used to wire the SOHO network. Wireless standards such as 802.11b are starting to appear for a vital use in the SOHO market. It eliminates the need for adding LAN wiring in the home. When a small office needs to connect to a corporate environment with security involved then some sort of VPN device is either built into the router itself or on the LAN. We must ensure security for SOHO networks. As there is increase in number of employees so are their sophisticated computer networks in their homes. It comprise a mix of personal and company equipment. Many enterprises believe that practice of conducting work at home on employee-purchased PCs or networking equipment will save them money. However, we are bound to face security problems when users link personal systems to the corporate network. This is most in the cases when enterprises fall prey to false assumptions about the associated risks. While working from home on network-connected personal systems, enterprise data can be dangerously exposed by employees. For security: before turned in for service, users must be warned about the exposure risks of leaving personal and business data on personal systems. PCs with preloaded safeguards such as disk encryption can be a solution too. At least, encouragement should be there for employees to use system passwords and disk encryption. A combination of policy control, configuration lockdown, personal firewall, and central firewall filters to block installation of the better-known file-sharing and remote-control programs can be used. Similarly protection methodology can be used for personal systems. Enterprises shouldnt rely on employees personal equipment and networks conform to enterprise security and privacy standards. They should follow best practices to ensure security. Training and awareness programs will help remind users of the risks of data exposure and the potential damage such exposure can cause to themselves and the enterprise. They can implement thin client computing solutions, which minimize the risk of data exposure on non enterprise-owned systems.

Zero Based Budgeting Emerged To Overcome The Limitations Of Incremental Budgets Accounting Essay

Zero Based Budgeting Emerged To Overcome The Limitations Of Incremental Budgets Accounting Essay Zero-based budgeting emerged to overcome the limitations of incremental budgets. This approach requires that all activities are justified and prioritized before decisions are taken relating to the amount of resources allocated to each activity. Besides adopting a zero-based approach zero-base budgeting also focuses on programmes or activities instead of functional departments based on line-items which is a feature of traditional budgeting. Programmes normally relate to various activities undertaken by municipal or government organizations. Zero-based budgeting works from the premise that projected expenditure for existing programmes should start from base zero, with each years budgets being compiled as if the programmes were being launched for the first time. The budgetees should present their requirements for appropriations in such a fashion that all funds can be allocated on the basis of cost-benefit or some similar kind of evaluative analysis. The cost-benefit approach is an attempt to ensure value of money, it question long-standing assumptions and serves as a toll for systematically examining and perhaps abandoning any unproductive projects. Thats why more and more non-profit making organizations, including Oxfam Hong Kong, consider using Zero-based budgeting as an approach to judge a best solution of the organizations. Background of Oxfam Hong Kong Oxfam Hong Kong is one of non-profit making organizations. It is an independent international development and humanitarian organization working against poverty and related injustice. It recognized that much poverty is caused by injustice and that poverty alleviation requires economic, social and structural change. It worked with people facing poverty and with partner organizations on development, humanitarian, policy advocacy and public education programmes. How zero-based budgeting could be used at Oxfam Hong Kong Most organizations, including Oxfam Hong Kong, may use incremental budgeting system for their budgetary process. However, this approach has a serious drawback. The budgetary process for coming year usually uses previous budget allocation as a basis of allocation. That may incurred increase or decrease in budget for the coming year based on the budget allocation. It is because the percentage of allocation is without full examination of this allocation basis. Incremental budgeting system assumes that the situation will continue in the same way. Zero-based budgeting could be used to remedy this serious drawback in incremental budgeting system. The best suitable activities in Zero-based budgeting To use zero-based budgeting as an approach, some activities are very suitable to use. For example: Limited resource of labours Oxfam Hong Kong is a non-profit making organization that it is always faced with limited resource of labours because major labours are volunteers that it often has not salaries. To organize an activity such as donation of poverty countries, it is a large project that it needs a lot of human resource. The allocation of resource is very important if the organization is faced with limited resource of labours. Zero-based budgeting can efficiently allocate resource of each department. Zero-based budgeting will define and evaluate decision packages of human resource and appropriate allocation by ranking of decision packages. Judgment of consignment or in-house Oxfam Hong Kong always creates a lot of activities about the donation of poverty countries. To encourage more donations, the organization always produces some souvenirs to donators. The souvenirs are also a part of cost that Oxfam Hong Kong will be considered to produce by consignment or in-house processing. It is because Oxfam Hong Kong would likely choose inexpensive method. It is very suitable to use zero-based budgeting to the identification. Although incremental budgeting system or activity-based budgeting can determine the cost of production by consignment or in-house processing, it only use department as a base which is less accurate than zero-based budgeting. It is because zero-based budgeting is based on activity which is more accurate than incremental budgeting system or activity-based budgeting. The advantages of Zero-based budgeting More and more non-profit organizations choose Zero-based budgeting rather than Incremental budgeting for their decision making because Zero-based budgeting has following advantages which Incremental budgeting is ignored. Inappropriate activities are not undertaken Traditional budgeting trends to extrapolate the past by adding a percentage increase to the current year. Zero-based budgeting avoids the deficiencies of incremental budgeting and represents a move towards the allocation of resources by need or benefit. Thus, unlike traditional budgeting the level of funding is not taken for granted. For example, when Oxfam Hong Kong has limited resource such as labour hour, the allocation of resources is being very important. Then Zero-based budgeting can help Oxfam Hong Kong to select the best solution of the allocation by ranking of decision packages. Finally, inappropriate solutions are not adopted. Enhance motivation The documentation of decision packages also leads to a deeper staff and management knowledge of all the operation and activities of the organization and can enhance communication, participation and therefore motivation. Oxfam Hong Kong can indirectly motivate the staff. It is because all departments especially management department in Oxfam Hong Kong need to communicate with other departments to make a consensus of the decision packages. Concerning value for money Zero-based budgeting focuses attention on outputs in relation to value for money. Through this value for money approach, inefficient and obsolete operations are identified so that wastage can be eliminated and a more efficient allocation of resources to activities and departments can be achieved. Therefore, Oxfam Hong Kong can indirectly reduce the cost of selection of decision because the wastage is reduced and the allocation of resource is being efficient. Problem of Zero-based budgeting Actually, no method is perfect. Zero-based budgeting also exists problems that Oxfam Hong Kong should be faced. More costly and time consuming The preparation of decision packages can generate a great volume of paperwork especially for a large project or activity and will require a considerable management skill. Therefore, Oxfam Hong Kong should be provided more training and education about concepts of application of Zero-based budgeting to the management department because Zero-based budgeting must be clearly understood by managers at various levels to be successfully implemented. The running cost is directly increased. Also, Zero-based budgeting will requires gathering, analysis and evaluation of large amounts of data that the management department faced with much workload and it is very time consuming. Problems of identifying ranking packages Subjective judgment and political pressure are unavoidable in ranking packages and allocation of resources and may create departmental conflicts. Different types and natures of activities across different departments, particularly with qualitative rather than quantitative benefits, may give rise to the problem of ranking. Oxfam Hong Kong is confused of the decision packages because it is difficult to define decision units and decision packages and sometimes subjective judgment is needed. Also, management may be exaggerated skews the results if it is unreliable. Then, the decision packages are became inaccurate. Relationship between management and staff deterioration The questioning attitude of zero-based budgeting is not always acceptable to staff or management because they may view it as a threat to their existing implied rights. For example, management department and accounting department have different ideas of decision packages. Each department does not agree with the other side ideas. The cooperation and motivation among the management and staff may deteriorate. Therefore, it may influence the relationship of each department in Oxfam Hong Kong. http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/accounting/zero-based-budgeting.php http://www.finweb.com/financial-planning/pros-and-cons-of-zero-based-budgeting.html http://www1.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/fm_nov07_p48-53.pdf

Abraham Lincoln as a Dangerous Speaker Essay -- Presidents essays rese

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people remember President Abraham Lincoln as being a very gifted orator as well as a dignified leader of our country. Through his many speeches and writings, Abraham Lincoln captivated American minds and gained millions of followers. In Lincoln's "Perpetuation speech," given before the Young Men's Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois, in 1838, Lincoln himself stated that our country was in great danger. He speaks of people such as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Napoleon and then asks, "Is it unreasonable to expect , that some man possessed of the loftiest genius, coupled with ambition sufficient to push it to its utmost stretch, will at some time, spring up among us?" (Grafton, page 7). In this, he shares his fear that some man with great ambition and power could exist in this country who is not satisfied with just the power of the presidency and strive for more than that. I believe that Lincoln had the power to be one of those people. When Lincoln's orati ons and writings are carefully analyzed, one can see how he used his wit and intelligence to manipulate the American people. With his intelligence and immense popularity, Lincoln could have easily been one of the men that he spoke of. He used his gift as an orator to get ahead and that, I believe, made him a threat to American society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln was a very popular man among the American people. He was there for the country through the Civil War, whether good or bad times. In the North he was the great emancipationist. Lincoln was loved by many, and he could have used this to his advantage. One reason that he was so loved was because he had the ability to draw people's attention with his speeches. After his assassination and the reaction of the American people, the fact that he was so loved was a surprise to some people in Washington. There was a three week funeral procession where Lincoln's body was taken to the big cities by a special train so that the people could mourn him. "Democrat Charles Mason of Iowa thought the whole affair a political trick, like the 'crafty skill of Mark Antony in displaying to the Roman people the bloody mantle of Caesar'," (Donald, page 5). This analogy was made as an argument between political parties, but I think that it just shows how important Lincoln real ly was, being compared to the great Julius Caesar. It is widely believed that popular Preside... ...vement is wrong. Lincoln, however, when giving this speech doesn't come right out and say that he believes that they are wrong. In this way he gains more supporters by befriending them and not telling them straight out that they are wrong. At that point in time, Lincoln needed those votes. However, he got them by dishonest means. That really doesn't sound like the "Honest Abe" that all of the people knew and trusted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that President Abraham Lincoln was a man with a lot of power. Lincoln was a very dangerous speaker. He could have easily used this power and his ability as an orator to become one of those men that are not satisfied with just the presidency and could have tried to have more. I believe that for this reason, Lincoln was a threat to our society. However, the people did not realize this because he had them so entranced by his wonderful speeches and writings. At a normal glance, it looks as if there is nothing hidden in those speeches. When they are looked at a little more closely though, one can see how Lincoln used his immense talent to trick the people into supporting him. Through his beautifully crafted orations, Abraham Lincoln gained many followers.

The Unwavering Character of James Fenimore Coppers Deerslayer :: Character Analysis, Deerslayer

The Unwavering Character of James Fenimore Copper's Deerslayer James Fenimore Copper presents Deerslayer as a man of integrity, virtue, and honor. He is a warrior who lives by his word. Even if the situation places his life in jeopardy, he refuses to abandon what he believes in and what he says he will do. Deerslayer’s greatest display of character and honor is seen when he refuses to compromise his standards even though it threatens his life. After saving Hist from the Hurons, Deerslayer was taken captive by them. The Hurons respected Deerslayer for his honesty and integrity and therefore treated him accordingly. When the time came for Deerslayer to pay for his crimes the Hurons devised a situation that would spare his life. To pay for the life Deerslayer took the Indians requested that Deerslayer stay among their people and provide for the fallen Indians family and take the widow for his wife. â€Å"Take the gun; go forth and shoot a deer; bring the venison and lay it before the widow†¦feed her children; call yourself her husband† (Cooper 458). To take an Indian wife went against Deerslayer’s beliefs and convictions. Marrying a woman outside his religion and traditions would cause him to compromise his morals and standards. Even though marrying the Indian woman would spare his life he politely objects and refuses their conditions. â€Å"I feared this,† answered Deerslayer,†¦I did dread that it would come to this. He then proceeds to explain to Mingo, â€Å"I ‘m white, and Christian – born; ‘twould ill become me to take a wife, under redskin forms, from among the heathen. That which I wouldn’t do in peaceable time†¦still less would I do behind clouds, in order to save my life† (Cooper 458)

Frankenstein Essay

Throughout the novel, Frankenstein, a feminist theme subtly pervades the novel, and is crucial to the characters of the story, the plot line and the setting of the novel. The reasons for the creation of the monster lie within Frankenstein’s own familial relationships, especially with the grief he experienced at the loss of his mother. Frankenstein is riddled with passive female characters who suffer throughout the novel. However, not one female character throughout the novel ever exhibits behaviour outside of the submissive female role. Elizabeth, Victor’s love, dies at the hand of the male creature, while waiting for Victor to rescue her. Elizabeth is unable to do anything to defend herself without the help of a man. Equally, Justine Moritz is sentenced to death for a murder the creature also committed. Once again, she is unable to defend herself and prove her innocence and dies for it. Some may argue that Justine is a victim of circumstance however, but her docile role leaves her helpless to make her own destiny and defend herself against the false accusation. Mary Shelley’s own family life affected contents of the novel as well. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, a strong activist in the feminist movement, had died shortly after her own birth, and both her and her sister did not take kindly to their Father’s second wife, Mary Clairmont. During the nineteenth century, within Genevan society, where the novel was first written, men dominated the social and intellectual employment, whilst women only occupied the domestic work/lifestyle. Although the passivity of female characters is at a constant throughout the novel, perhaps coming to the conclusion that Frankenstein is simply a misogynistic text is unreasonable. Shelley’s feminist background, as a daughter of Wollstonecraft, questions the motives behind stereotyping traits of all of the female characters in the novel. Also, Elizabeth and Justine both died far before the end of the novel. It can be argued that by emphasising the conservative qualities of the characters, Shelley was able to also define the negative aspects of the static female ole by exterminating female characters that fit that role. By linking the submissive women with the negative demises, Shelley was able to emphasise the negative outcomes of their behaviour, contrasting with feminist ideals that would have in turn saved the character in each case. It can be debated that Shelley’s presentation of women after Caroline Beaufort’s death is the irreplaceable place of a mother or the assumption of roles by other characters. In the novel, Shelley seems to portray Caroline’s death as society’s view of women. Caroline is easily discarded, performs the role of the mother and then perishes. The women in Frankenstein could also be seen as virtuous and caring, as Caroline sacrifices her own health knowingly in order to look after Justine and Elizabeth; â€Å"Elizabeth was saved, but the consequences of this imprudence were fatal to her preserver. † Elizabeth appears to represent a replacement mother figure within the Frankenstein family, spurred on by dying request of Caroline for her to â€Å"supply† her place to her â€Å"younger children†. Agatha, as well, supplies this need within the DeLacey family by playing the womanly role. However, it is argued by some that a mother can never be truly replaced, and according to the maternal and biblical symbolism throughout this novel, the reader could be inclined to believe this is Shelley’s true opinion. Mary Shelley’s own mother died only eleven days after her birth, and it could be seen that the absence of a maternal figure is clear in Frankenstein. The absence of the maternal figure shows the apparent breakdown of a family unit and seems to inspire an oedipal complex within both Frankenstein and the monster. Like in Frankenstein, the role of men in Brave New World has a complete higher standing to women, both physically and psychologically. Also in comparison to Frankenstein, women have a better understanding of emotions and have more social roles. The portrayal of male superiority is uniform throughout the novel, and starts by introducing that overall dominance with the tour of the Hatchery. All the students on the tour are male and although maybe a minor detail, this shows that women are restricted to the things they do at an early age. During the tour, the students learn about pregnancies and that women are sterilised, yet the men aren’t. This short and important fact by the author exclaims the physiological dominance of men over women. The book shows no clear objection to leaving the future of their offspring in the hands of males, even if it is unhealthy. A specific character to talk about in Brave New World is Linda. Linda is the character in the novel who opposes the traditional role of women in the book (and that of women in Frankenstein). Like in a lot of Huxley’s pieces, this novel centres heavily around sex. In Brave New World, sex is no longer used for procreation but for distraction and pacification. The act has been dehumanised and devoid of human passion. I feel in this, Huxley tries to argue whether the future of our lifestyle is a subjugation of a natural inclination toward monogamy or the freedom of sleeping with many people. Linda is portrayed as the person opposing to modern culture, and causes the reader to question whether Huxley’s portrayal of women in Brave New World is apt. For her opposition to the modern culture, Linda is isolated, condemning her and her son to a marginal existence because of this. Another female character worth mentioning in Brave New World is Lenina Crowne, the main female character in the novel. Foster, Bernard and John are in awe of this woman, and it is puzzling to see why. She lacks intelligence, and is not particularly creative, interesting or unique. A word that Huxley uses constantly is â€Å"pneumatic†. The official definition of this is ‘full of air’, which seems to mean she is curvy and all-round sexy. It could be argued that Aldous Huxley purposely used this word as a double meaning, that she’s pneumatic mentally also; she’s vapid (lifeless and dull). In contrast to Linda in the novel, Huxley’s constant use of â€Å"pneumatic† implies that she’s the epitome of the World State female. I feel it is clear throughout the novel, and corresponding to her previous upbringing and family, Frankenstein works as an indication to the treatment of women during that time. Her portrayal of inferior women is ironic given she is the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft. Elizabeth could be seen as a sign of mistreatment to women as she is portrayed as the perfect woman who represents domestic bliss and harmony, while rejected by Victor Frankenstein in his â€Å"pursuit of knowledge†. The role of Elizabeth during the novel could work as a feminist warning also, as she magnifies Victor’s selfish character; â€Å"my more than sister, since till death she was to be mine only. Likewise, in Brave New World, Aldous Huxley could have written the novel in order to show the wrong attitude towards women during the story. This could trigger spite towards the limits that women are still treated at, or were treated at when the novel was written. In conclusion to the two texts, the theme of feminism is still very relevant to the plot line in this modern age, although both works have been continuously adapted into different stories, plays and movies. Both Huxley and Shelley represent their female characters as inferior to and reliant on men, as well as more emotional in both texts. I feel both the authors represent their female roles like this, and in a negative light, to receive a reaction from the reader; in order to think of how women are still treated in today’s society and back then. The fact that Frankenstein is still present in literature, theatre, and cinema attests to the perpetuity of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and her views on feminism in society.

Speech on the Importance of Co-curricular Activities in School by R Jain

It happens more than sometimes that a student who has consistently shown in studies does less well later on in life than a student who has always been academically mediocre. The reason is not, necessarily, that the former has not lived up to expectations, or that the latter has all the connections that count. Often it is just a case of the mediocre rising to excellence because he has had the good luck of finding himself. Albert Einstein, Leo Tolstoy and Rabindranath Tagore were not considered particularly bright prospects in school, but nevertheless took the world by storm. Obviously, academics is only one yardstick of a student’s ability.At the school level, it is presently the most important yardstick and will probably continue to be so in the foreseeable future. It is generally agreed that an educated person is required to have grounding in certain specified areas of knowledge that may be termed as ‘basic subjects’. Over and above that, though, a good school wi ll offer a wide variety of supplementary or co-curricular activities involving games, music, art, literature, photography, the computer, and what have you. The more varied and better organised these activities are, the greater are the chances of a student succeeding in discovering himself.What does that mean? It means finding out what one likes doing, what one is good at and what one would like to develop one’s skills in. It is not impossible for this to turn out to be a fairly long drawn-out trial-and-error process. A student may begin by trying his hand at painting and find himself lacking; he may then move on to debating and discover he is worse at it; he may then have a shot at acting, but in vain; finally, he may find his metier in creative writing. He starts writing stories and poems and getting appreciation for and feedback on them. It makes him a happier, more motivated, and more energetic person.He may have been an indifferent student, but now, because his self-estee m has risen and he is more confident of himself, he attains a higher rank in class as well. It is not necessary that he should go on to become a famous writer. The very fact that he has confidence in himself now will make a world of difference to how he goes about life and what he does with it. It is up to him to seek out suitable avenues for the expression of his creativity, but once that is done, that initial act of self-discovery in school will prove to be one of the most positive turning-points in his life.What today is called ‘co-curricular’ was yesterday known as ‘extra-curricular’. The change in wording is significant and reveals recognition of the worth of non-academic pursuits in education. That one does not need to sit in ‘examinations’ in most co-curricular activities is a factor that makes them more enjoyable than classroom study; however, that may also be the very reason why a section of students don’t take them seriously en ough.More and more colleges and organisations have begun to look beyond the school-leaving and graduation and post-graduation certificates while deciding whom to take in and whom to leave out during admission or employment, and a good co-curricular track record may well give one an edge over a rival candidate who has no such background. This development, also, should further the worthy cause of co-curricular activities.

Compare the ways Harper Lee and RL Stevenson present towns of Maycomb and London in their novels Essay

Harper Lee and Robert Louis Stevenson use two very different towns to provide the setting for their novels. Harper Lee sets â€Å"To Kill A Mocking Bird† in Maycomb in the Southern states of America in the 1930s. Robert Louis Stevenson sets â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† in Victorian London. Although these are two very different social settings at two different times in history, there are both similarities and some contrasts in the way the authors use a sense of place to develop the main themes of their stories and to provide an appropriate world for the characters they create. In this essay I will explore some of the ways in which they do this. Maycomb is described in the book as † a tired old town†. There is a main square and a county court house. The main family in the book the Finches live on the main residential street. They sit out on their front porches in summer and Lee gives us a feeling of a closely-knit community where everybody knows everything about one another, or so they think.. She goes on to show later that all is not as idyllic as it seems at first on the surface. In contrast, the London that Stevenson portrays in â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde† is seen as a big, distant and impersonal community where there seems to be a lot of conflict and discomfort between the characters and, in particular, the social classes as they go about their everyday lives. Stevenson describes the streets in London as dirty, narrow and winding and the buildings as dark and oppressive to create a depressing atmosphere and provide a backdrop of gloom and evil for Stevenson’s story. The characters in â€Å"To kill a Mocking Bird† overall seem on the surface to be good, honest hard-working people who are friendly and take everyday problems in their stride. This conceals, however, a deeply engrained hatred towards Negroes and their way of life based on prejudice. Basically, everybody in Maycomb, with a few exceptions, is racist, looks at blacks as inferior to themselves and treats them badly by giving them the hardest manual jobs with the lowest pay. This deep division in the community is reflected in the physical segregation of black from white, with the blacks living in their own poor housing apart from the whites. In Stevenson’s London, there is also a sense of social division, but this time it is between rich and poor. Colour is replaced by social class to separate out the different parts of the community. â€Å"In To Kill a Mocking Bird† The Finch Family provide some of the central characters. Atticus, father to Jem and Scout is a good lawyer and a well-respected leader of the community whom many people look up to and respect his views especially his children Jem and Scout who he tries to teach them from what is right from what is wrong by teaching them important morals. In Particular, he won’t tolerate racism and sees it as a destructive dividing line, which shouldn’t exist. An example in the book of racial discrimination is that Negroes had few educational opportunities. Calpurnia taught her son Zeebo to read from the bible and a law book. Zeebo’s job (Dustman) shows the limited job prospects for blacks but Zeebo considers his job as a good job for a Negro. This shows how far Negroes were down the social spectrum and that they accepted their lowly social position and had low expectations. The white people also do not question this social status quo as they feel superior. At the Missionary tea party all the ladies enjoy Calpurnia’s cooking but they treat Calpurnia as if she’s not even there, showing no recognition towards her. All through the book Blacks were constantly derided and insulted, referred to as â€Å"niggers† and practically viewed as immoral and potentially criminal. The tensions which arise from this relationship between black and white in Maycomb is a main theme throughout the book. There is a dividing line when it comes to social class in Maycomb, with different types of people seen as inferior to others i.e. blacks, and the poor whites. The people who are seen as poor and inferior are usually the ones that do a lot of the hard working manual jobs to satisfy and provide for other member s of the community. Another poor community in Maycomb is the Cunninghams, who are all farmers and the Euells who are really poor and live next to the dump yard. The Negroes are seen as lower down the social spectrum even than the embarrassment to the town (The Euells). What at first sight seems to be an ordinary town full of respectable moral people is gradually revealed to be full of spite and prejudice. Harper Lee uses the layout of the town and the contrast between living conditions to emphasise this point. The people in Maycomb who are well off are the people with the good jobs and the power to govern the town. There is also a theme of social division in Jekyll and Hyde with things not always as respectable as they seem. â€Å"Jekyll and Hyde.† There is an upper class of people who have good, well-paid and respectable jobs just like Jekyll who was a doctor and Utterson who was a lawyer. Both had wealth and nice houses. But, there are two sides to the matter. Although seeming respectable, Jekyll was not happy with his life, He even called upon prostitution to satisfy his needs, Even that wasn’t enough and he used his position as a doctor to make up a concoction to change his physical appearance for a short amount of time so that he could experience what it would be like to be different and poor on the murky streets of London. The weather in â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† is used to reflect the mood the town is in, and where the town is positioned it is usually very hot a lot of the time. Often, when the weather is described as hot in the book there is usually some kind of confrontation going on or some sort of tension thus symbolising conflict. Lee also uses the changing seasons to emphasis some of the points she wishes to make. When the weather is described as autumn it gives the impression of a dull grey period. When it’s winter in the book it says it snows and that it doesn’t snow ever. This brings in a kind of mystical cold sensation, which is linked in with Boo Radley. When winter turns to spring it emphasis new life and a warm comfortable feeling. All these different seasons are used to represent the act of time passing and each season represents different events which occur in the novel. The weather in London is somewhat of a strange atmosphere. It is described as a lot of the time as being foggy and murky, givingus the impression of a cold and dark situation occurring, London is basically being described as depressing and dangerous which causes tension and disturbance. Stevenson perhapsused the fog to hide the surroundings or to make it hazy like it is not quite all there, â€Å"the next moment the fog settled down again upon that port† but beyond the fog shows the true picture. The fog is merely there to create a sense of duplicity, that there is more than one side to everything. By Stevenson using such dramatic atmospheric devices, he wanted to show the readers that not everything is what it seems on the outside, you have to look twice to see the reality. In â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† Maycomb the sleepy little town seems to have a very warm sense of community and friendship among the locals. The houses in Maycomb are fairly straight forward, basic and overall very adequate situated fairly close together to give a close feel of a community but they also have their privacy. Some people don’t like the insides of their houses for example, Miss Maudie who lives next door to Atticus Jem and Scout absolutely hates being cooped up inside all the time she detests it greatly and finds the great out doors more her kind of thing as she spends most of her time outside in her beautiful garden. To contrast with this, there are some people who just stay inside all day every day for example Boo Radley who doesn’t go out at all. In fact, he hadn’t been seen for many years outside he just observes and watches life past by. Lee uses this contrast between inside and outside to good effect to emphasise things about her charact ers and add depth to their characterisation. In â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† London the busy, vibrant, gloomy city has a very distant sense of community and friendship. The houses in Victorian London are described as being dark and pretty derelict on the outside but on the inside it shows a different interpretation of the interior, which is stylish, and a big contrast to the exterior. For example in the inside of Jekyll’s house Stevenson describes â€Å"a bright open fire, and furnished with costly cabinets of oak.† This gives us the impression that Jekyll is well off. The front of Jeykll’s house is really grand and elegant, and fits a successful man, whereas the back is a total contrast to the front. The back is really dingy and dirt- ridden and you would expect an unemployed tramp to live there. Stevenson uses this contrast to show us two sides to Jekyll’s house and two sides to him, the good side (the front) where Jekyll goes in and looks respectable and the bad side (the back) where Hyde comes out and represents evil. This shows that the duplicity in Jekyll/Hyde is reflected in the house, a respectable â€Å"front† conceals a sinister and dark â€Å"back†. Stevenson shows us through this device that everything is not always as it seems. This difference between what something seems to be on the surface and what it is really like is also a theme in â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†. Maycomb seems like a tiresome little town where not much action or politics ever happens and that everybody gets on and lives in harmony. However, the outside is not always what it seems and there is a lot of hidden conflict among the townsfolk. They are very intolerant of anything or anybody who is different to what they in their small-minded way think of as â€Å"normal†. For example, Boo Radley, who never goes outside, was dubbed as a â€Å"monster† by the kids who live in the town. Also Dolphus Raymond, who lives with a black women and has â€Å"All sorts of mixed children†, people think that he drinks whisky from the bag he carries round all day and he is labelled an â€Å"evil man†. The truth is he doesn’t drink whisky all day, he gives that impression because the townsfolk of Maycomb could never understand why he lives his life like he does and he gives them a reason to hate him by pretending to be a drunkard. These two people show the harsh reality of people’s beliefs in Maycomb and how they label people because they’re different or associated with other people that are seen as immoral and wrong. For example, when Miss Gates comments on the importance of democracy and discusses Hitler’s wrong doings of persecuting the Jews as being immoral and pathetic, she later demonstrates some of the same prejudice complaining that â€Å"Negroes are getting way above themselves†. Lee illustrates Miss Gates’ hypocrisy from talking about Hitler’s wrong doings and commenting that it is wrong she later does basically the same to Negroes as Hitler did to the Jews. Lee uses examples like this to show that, basically, lots of the p eople in Maycomb were two-faced and could not see the wrong in undermining the Negroes, which shows their total hypocrisy. The true harsh reality in Maycomb was that nearly everyone was racist with a few exceptions and that the people didn’t like anything to be different from what was considered â€Å"normal† life. In this essay I have explored briefly some of the main themes running through â€Å"Jekyll and Hyde† and â€Å"To kill a Mocking Bird.† In both novels everything is not what it appears to be on the surface. The people who live in the worlds of these novels are not always what they seem. There is deep social division and tension in the two communities that leads to conflict and a clash between good and evil. Stevenson and Lee use the geography of London and Maycomb, their climates and their social settings to put over their themes. They use these places to give their novels atmosphere and to create an appropriate setting for there characters. They use their towns effectively to reinforce their main messages. Stevenson uses London to expose some of the hypocrisies of Victorian life where respectable people often exploited the poor. Lee uses Maycomb to challenge racial prejudice and intolerance of people who are different at a time when the civil rights movement in America was beginning to gather momentum.

Explore the various arguments used by John Donne to achieve his aim

Donne's main aim in the poem is to persuade his lover to go to bed with him, to do this he uses various techniques and arguments throughout the poem to tempt her into doing so. We see Donne trying to lure his partner into sleeping with him, â€Å"And in this flea, our two bloods mingled bee† By use of this conceit he suggests that as their bloods have already been mixed by the flea, they have been joined. This implies that when the blood mixes it is the same result as if they had had sex nevertheless as their bloods would have united. This is a very weak argument on behalf of Donne as the blood does not actually pass from one person to another during sexual intercourse; it is only bodily fluids. We can see that in â€Å"The Sunne Rising† that Donne suggests ideas that are unrealistic. â€Å"goe childe† and â€Å"goe tell court-huntsmen† This is obviously not thought about, because if the sun was to go away, life could not continue as the sun is vital to survival. Donne knows that his partner is religious, and so uses this to his advantage by exploiting her weaknesses. â€Å"This flea is you and I, and this our marriage bed, and marriage temple is;† Donne compares the flea to being a temple, which is an obvious religious symbol. He is comparing it to marriage where their two bloods have been merged to become, like the bond two people make when being married. Because his lover is religious, she would believe in not having sex until marriage. Donne is trying to convince her that it is as if they have already been married because their bloods have been unified within the temple that is the flea. John Donne attempts to persuade his lover into making love with him by using metaphysical conceit, a common tactic used by several other poets of this genre. â€Å"A sinne, nor shame, nor losse of Maidenhead† The plan of John Donne at this point is to show the similarity between the two ideas of the body and the flea. This concept would have been appreciated by a reader of this era – Elizabethans believed that sexual intercourse involved the mixing of people's blood. Therefore, the idea that the flea is an example of their mixed blood by this theory proves that intercourse has taken place. The language used n this line is soft in nature and persuades his lover to feel guiltless and secure – in addition the tone is fluent and articulate. Donne uses various arguments to try to persuade his lover to have sex with him. She is tempted but is held back by religion, family and overall fear. Donne's arguments are not very strong, although at the time they would have been considered differently.

How is technology helping our understanding of future architectural Essay

How is technology helping our understanding of future architectural space throughout film representation and use of mixed realit - Essay Example Previously, architecture was restricted to the simple two dimensional representations of drawings. Through film media, it is possible to create realistic and fathomable representation of architectural visualizations. The architectural designs create new avenues of creative thinking by analyzing the potential of the film depictions and the possibility of implementing the ideas in the real world (Hiller, 1996). Representing the experience of space Architectural designs are invariably communicated through representation. The link between the architect’s ideas and their implementation is through the process of representation. Traditionally, the most pervasive mode of representation has been through drawing of sketches to showcase the features that the architect wishes to express. In the final stages of architectural design, representation is done by technical drawings. However, these traditional representation methods are limited since they cannot allow one to fully experience spa ce. Film has immense potential to add visual elements into architectural design. Through the use of film media, an architectural design can be experienced in an augmented reality (Aroztegui, 2010). It is possible to append the notion of motion into the representation of architectural design through film. ... Through the use of advanced computer graphics, architectural designs can be represented in films creatively to an extent that one feels to be transported to another space. By using a scripted narrative, film cultivates the concept of space in a compelling space. The interconnection of all senses during a film representation of architectural design makes experience of space to be near reality (Henzel & Menges, 2009). Also, space and body are closely related and they can be tied together through experience. Thus, film can bring futuristic architectural designs into perspective and help in the progress of architecture. Filming and architecture: Filming space and embodiment The core purpose of a film is to create compelling scenes that are as close to reality as possible to keep the audience captivated. The best films are those that immerse their audience in their narration and representation: so much that the audience feels to be actually transported to another place and time as depicte d in the film (Awan et al, 2009). For true appreciation, architecture has to be experienced in the perspective of reality so that the audience can relate to it. The eye is primarily the means by which people relate and experience space. Architectural designs in film are sculpted through a combination of visual and audio narration. The audience identifies with the film’s representation first through the gaze of the camera and seeing architectural objects from a vantage point. As the audience is captivated by this vision, they are bound to engage other senses into the narration. Evidently, the narration and representation in the film can trigger the imagination of the audience

The nyc history from 1980 to the present in terms Essay

The nyc history from 1980 to the present in terms - Essay Example l strains flooded the city as organized crime became prevalent with the highly-exposed killings of three African Americans in the white residences in New York. Rape, gang bags, and shooting cases soared from the 1980s to the end of the 20th century (Langan and Durose, 17). Also, during the time of Mayor Edward Koch, the â€Å"crack epidemic† – the outpouring of crack cocaine in large US cities – inspired a rapid increase on the crime rates in the city. But, perhaps, the most major crime that took place in New York was the 9/11 attack that killed thousands of lives and called for the revamp of the city’s security force. Many police officers had been laid off by 1980. Hiring freeze was also implemented for the next five years (Citizens Crime Commission, â€Å"History of the Crime Commission†). The concentration of the NYPD dropped from 31,000 officers to 22,000. By the end of 1980s, crimes escalated to the extent that it was almost impossible for the NYPD to control it. By 1990, following the implementation of the â€Å"Broken Windows† and the â€Å"Safe Streets† program that calls for the hiring of more police officers, crimes had dropped tremendously up to the present with its new approach against terrorism, improved juvenile crime and illegal gun crime. New York City has been historically regarded as a main entry point of immigrants to the US. Since the 1980s, following the revitalization of its immigration system, the city experienced a transformed degrees of high immigration. Population has risen up remarkably. By the start of the 1980s, the population of New York City was 7,071,639 (Campbell, â€Å"Population of the 100 largest†; the city’s population as of 2010 is 8,175, 133 (US Census Bureau, â€Å"Annual Estimates†). The reinvigoration of the city’s immigration system has inspired cultural diversity, which contributed a lot to its political and economic success. The city has seen a resurgence of the Wall Street and the city has regained its position